Stargate 1 Data Center — Abilene, TX · Ask the Grid

Power and grid

Capacity	Basis	Status	Scope	As of
1,200 MW	Interconnection Request	Approved	Full campus	2025-03-18
Total campus power capacity and ERCOT-approved grid interconnection for the planned eight-building campus.
200 MW	Energized Power	Operating	Initial phase	2025-09-30
Initial phase comprising two buildings; Crusoe reported this phase as 200+ MW and it was energized and operating by September 30, 2025.
200 MW	Utility Service	Energized	Initial utility infrastructure	2024-12-01
Original Abilene substation constructed for the initial campus power-delivery phase at 138 kV.
1,000 MW	Utility Service	Energized	Expansion utility infrastructure	2026-03-10
Greenfield substation constructed to support long-term campus growth at 345 kV; fully energized using temporary transformers on March 10, 2026.
360.5 MW	Onsite Generation	Approved	Onsite generation	2025-01-22
Permitted onsite natural-gas turbine configuration: five Titan 350 turbines rated at 38 MW each and five GE LM2500 turbines rated at 34.1 MW each, for a combined site-rated total of 360.5 MW. The permit states the units are for onsite data-center and computing use.

Utility: AEP Texas
Balancing authority: ERCOT
ISO / RTO: ERCOT
Substation: The site uses the Abilene substation, initially a 200 MW, 138 kV facility, with a 1 GW, 345 kV greenfield substation constructed for campus expansion.
Point of interconnection: A 300-foot slack-span connection to the Abilene Northwest transmission line, with transmission and interconnection expansion work coordinated with AEP.

Facility and development

IT floor area (sq ft): 35,000
Gross floor area (sq ft): 4,000,000
Site area (acres): 1,000
Buildings: 8
Construction: Stargate 1 is a multi-building AI data-center campus at Lancium's Clean Campus in Abilene. Construction began in June 2024. Phase 1 comprises two buildings totaling 980,000 sq. ft. and 200+ MW; the first two buildings were energized within a year and the campus was announced operational on September 30, 2025. Phase 2 began construction in March 2025 and adds six buildings, bringing the planned campus total to eight buildings, approximately 4 million sq. ft., and 1.2 GW of total capacity. Phase 2 was expected to reach construction completion in mid-2026; no separate commercial-operation date is stated.
Facility class: Hyperscale · Cloud · AI HPC
Workloads: AI training · AI inference
Cooling systems: Closed-loop, non-evaporative direct-to-chip liquid cooling with continuously recirculated water and heat rejection through air-cooled chillers.
Cooling medium: Water circulating in a closed-loop Facility Cooling Water System, with standard highly diluted, non-hazardous corrosion inhibitors.
Water source: Municipal water supplied by the City of Abilene; the initial cooling-system fill is identified as Abilene city water. The source for routine maintenance replenishment is not separately specified.
Annual water use (gallons): 400,000
Fiber and connectivity: The disclosed network design is a single integrated network fabric intended to connect campus-scale GPU infrastructure; specific external fiber routes and carriers are not disclosed.
Operating context: Crusoe-developed, purpose-built AI data-center campus. Its first phase is operational on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure for OpenAI, while the broader campus continues expanding.
Air permits: TCEQ Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit Registration 177263 for Abilene DC 1, LLC, doing business as Crusoe Energy Systems, at the Longhorn Data Center in Taylor County; the technical review was approved January 22, 2025. · TCEQ PSD construction-permit application PSDTX1688 for Crusoe Energy Systems’ Longhorn Data Center site in Abilene, filed November 7, 2025; the application was identified as pending. · TCEQ greenhouse-gas PSD construction-permit application GHGPSDTX263 for the same Longhorn Data Center site, filed November 7, 2025; the application was identified as pending.
Emissions: Backup power uses GE Vernova natural-gas turbines equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction. Crusoe states that the system produces 90% lower emissions than conventional gas- or diesel-powered reciprocating engines, with little to no methane slip. The TCEQ technical review identifies natural gas as the fuel and a West Texas NOx limit of 0.14 lb/MWh for units above 10 MW; no sitewide annual emissions total was identified.
Environmental commitments: Use closed-loop, non-evaporative cooling to minimize water consumption; after filling, only small maintenance quantities are expected. · Implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to protect local ecosystems and waterways. · Use integrated renewable-energy resources, including wind, solar, and battery storage, with power orchestration intended to improve grid reliability and carbon performance. · Use natural-gas backup turbines equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction emissions controls. · Pay the campus’s incremental energy and power-infrastructure costs so operations do not increase local electricity prices.
Environmental impacts: The planned eight-building campus requires an initial cooling-system fill of approximately 8 million gallons of municipal water. · At full eight-building buildout, anticipated cooling-system maintenance and water-quality use is approximately 400,000 gallons per year, calculated from about 50,000 gallons per building annually. · On-site natural-gas backup generation creates air-emissions impacts, although the turbines use SCR controls and are described as producing lower emissions than conventional gas- or diesel-powered reciprocating engines.
Project cost (USD): 3,400,000,000
Incentives (USD): 2,500,000
Tax abatements: City of Abilene: an 85% property-tax abatement for the first 10 years, with later abatement applying to new property and equipment acquisitions; the agreement covers Lancium and qualifying subsidiary companies on the campus. · Taylor County: an 80% property-tax abatement arrangement reported for Lancium and subsidiary companies, with the broader agreement structure extending over 20 years and applying to eligible increases in land, improvements, and tangible personal property. · Development Corporation of Abilene: incentive package not exceeding $2,500,000, tied to Lancium creating 57 jobs and making $52,350,000 of capital investment over seven years. · The City of Abilene executed phase-specific agreements involving Lancium LLC and Abilene DC 1, LLC, as well as separate agreements for Abilene DC 3 LLC through Abilene DC 8 LLC. Taylor County Resolution 22-25 approved corresponding phase-specific and second tax-abatement agreements for phases 3 through 8 and amendments to the phase 1/2 agreements.
Utility agreements: Lancium publicly describes a fully approved 1.2 GW ERCOT grid interconnection for the Abilene campus, reviewed with transmission service providers. The campus also includes Lancium-developed electrical infrastructure, a 200 MW electrical substation, onsite generation, and behind-the-meter battery and solar resources. No executed retail electricity-service agreement or power purchase agreement naming the site and counterparty was identified.
Permits and dockets: TCEQ Permit by Rule Registration 177262 for Abilene DC 1, LLC, doing business as the Longhorn Data Center, near Abilene in Taylor County; acknowledged September 5, 2024. · TCEQ Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit Registration 177263 for Abilene DC 1, LLC, doing business as Crusoe Energy Systems/Longhorn Data Center; technical review received January 11, 2025 and completed January 22, 2025. · TCEQ Federal Operating Permit O4721 for the Abilene Data Center Campus Master Association, authorizing operation of the Longhorn Data Center in Taylor County; issued January 16, 2026. · PUCT Project No. 58484, Evaluation of Transmission Cost Recovery, includes filings by Crusoe Technologies LLC and joint comments by Google LLC and Lancium LLC. The docket is relevant to data-center transmission-cost policy but does not establish a site-specific power-purchase agreement. · City of Abilene and Taylor County Chapter 312 reinvestment-zone and tax-abatement proceedings, including City Ordinance/RZ21-1 actions and Taylor County Resolution 22-25.
Transactions: December 2021 public-sector development arrangement: Taylor County and the City of Abilene approved a project with Lancium for a planned data-center campus, initially 200 MW with expansion capability beyond 1 GW; the announced investment was approximately $2.4 billion over 20 years. · Lancium land and infrastructure transaction: Lancium acquired and owns the Clean Campus land, annexed more than 800 acres into Abilene, developed the site and a 200 MW electrical substation, and leases approximately 90 acres to Crusoe for the initial data-center development. · October 15, 2024: Crusoe, Blue Owl Capital, and Primary Digital Infrastructure announced a $3.4 billion fully funded forward-takeout joint venture for the 206 MW, 998,000-square-foot, two-building first-phase data center at the Lancium Clean Campus. · March 2025: Crusoe began the second phase, consisting of six additional buildings, expanding the campus plan to eight buildings and 1.2 GW. · October 16, 2025: Lancium closed a $600 million debt-financing package to advance its Clean Campus strategy beginning with the Abilene site; Santander acted as debt financial advisor, structuring bank, underwriter, lead, and administrative agent, and Cantor Fitzgerald acted as strategic advisor.
Public hearings: Abilene City Council held a public hearing on February 13, 2025 concerning amendments to Lancium tax-abatement agreements. Mark Teague spoke in opposition, and the Council approved the item unanimously, 7–0. · Taylor County Commissioners’ Court held a public hearing on February 11, 2025 concerning proposed Lancium tax-abatement agreements. Residents raised concerns about energy sources, consumer costs, environmental impacts, and the distinction between the data center and the electric grid. · Taylor County Commissioners’ Court noticed and held a September 9, 2025 public hearing concerning separate and amended tax-abatement agreements for Lancium and Abilene DC entities. The County resolution states that the agreements were approved by majority vote. · Abilene Planning and Zoning Commission held a meeting reported on December 5, 2025 at which residents near the Lancium project raised questions about water, power, rezoning, traffic, safety, light, sound, and project transparency. · Lancium site leadership addressed community concerns at a Kiwanis Club of Abilene meeting reported June 25, 2025. This was a community information meeting rather than a government hearing.
Community benefits: Estimated $30 million annually in local economic benefits for Abilene and Taylor County, supporting schools, emergency services, roads, and county programs. · The project is expected to generate more than 9,000 construction jobs and 1,000 ongoing project-supported jobs within the first two years after completion; local suppliers, vendors, contractors, and residents are to be prioritized. · Local economic-development materials describe an estimated $3.4 billion investment, an initial phase expected to create approximately 100 highly skilled jobs, and broader opportunities to expand and diversify Abilene’s commercial tax base. · The project has been promoted as creating high-quality jobs, attracting suppliers and vendors, and providing workforce pathways, including paid trainee programs and a planned OpenAI Academy in Abilene. · The City of Abilene and Taylor County approved tax-abatement agreements for the Lancium-affiliated data-center sites. The City’s 2025 agreements provided an 85% abatement on new improvements, repairs, and tangible personal property for 10 years.
Petitions: Change.org petition titled “Stop the building and expansion of data centers in Abilene, TX,” created April 14, 2026 by Jamil Whelan. It opposes construction and expansion of data centers in Abilene and reported 205 verified signatures in the retrieved record. · Save Abilene’s public campaign materials call for residents to oppose the Stargate buildout, request public records, attend public-comment periods, and seek independent air-quality monitoring. No separate petition specifically named “Stargate 1” or provided a different verified signature total in the evidence.
Opposition or litigation: Organized opposition is represented by Save Abilene, which describes itself as a resident-led campaign opposing the Stargate development and associated impacts on housing, taxation, energy, and environmental conditions. · Residents near the campus reported construction-related traffic congestion, truck traffic, road damage, early-morning noise, security lighting, safety risks, and disruption to rural quality of life. · Residents appearing in or quoted by local reporting also requested greater transparency and answers about power, water, rezoning, traffic, safety, lighting, and sound. · A Change.org petition opposed construction and expansion of data centers in Abilene and sought to halt further plans. · No confirmed site-specific lawsuit, court case, or administrative litigation involving Stargate 1, the Lancium Clean Campus, or the Crusoe Abilene campus was identified in the evidence. A separate Lancium patent dispute was reported, but it was not identified as a challenge to the Abilene project.

Identity and campus: Stargate 1
Also reported as Lancium Clean Campus, Crusoe Abilene Campus, Stargate Site 1, Crusoe Abilene Stargate Campus, Abilene AI Data Center, Stargate's flagship data center campus.
Regulatory record: Stargate 1 is the Lancium Clean Campus in Abilene, Texas. The campus has a fully approved 1.2 GW ERCOT interconnection. Its onsite generation and data-center operations are regulated through TCEQ air authorizations for the Longhorn Data Center, including Permit by Rule Registration 177262, Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit 177263, and Federal Operating Permit O4721, issued January 16, 2026. The federal operating permit authorizes operation of the Longhorn Data Center in Taylor County and expires five years after issuance. The campus has also been subject to City of Abilene and Taylor County Chapter 312 tax-abatement actions and related reinvestment-zone proceedings.

Timeline

Mar 5, 2026
Mar 5, 2026
Construction on Stargate One data center campus set to run through early 2027KTXS
KTXS reported that Lancium owns the land and electrical infrastructure, Crusoe built the data center, and Oracle is Crusoe’s customer. The report described the project as Stargate One and said construction of eight buildings was expected to continue through early 2027.
Dec 5, 2025
Dec 5, 2025
Residents demand transparency in Abilene AI data center projectKTAB/KRBC B...
Residents near the Lancium project told the Abilene Planning and Zoning Commission that they wanted more information about power, water, rezoning, traffic, safety, light, and sound. The City Manager said the city was working toward an agreement addressing those issues.
Sep 30, 2025
Sep 30, 2025
Crusoe Announces Flagship Abilene Data Center is LiveCrusoe
Crusoe announced that the first phase of Stargate’s flagship data-center campus in Abilene was live on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure for OpenAI. The announcement identified the Abilene campus and described the first two buildings becoming energized within a year of construction starting.
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1. Sep 24, 2025
  Sep 24, 2025
  Neighborhood residents frustrated by traffic from Lancium data center project in AbileneKTXS
  KTXS reported that residents near the Lancium project raised concerns about construction traffic, noise, safety, and access. Residents in the North Shore and Sue Ellen neighborhoods described early-morning noise, blocked access, and significant disruption.
2. Jul 10, 2025
Jun 25, 2025
Jun 25, 2025
Abilene’s Lancium project: Progress and solutions for community concernsKTAB/KRBC B...
The report described a Kiwanis Club of Abilene meeting where Lancium’s site manager addressed public concerns. It reported company claims about a newly built seven-lane road intended to reduce nearby traffic and a closed-loop water system intended to reduce water consumption.
May 29, 2025
May 29, 2025
Man injured by construction truck seeks changes amid Lancium data center projectKTXS
KTXS reported that a resident near the Lancium project was injured by a construction vehicle and that increased project traffic created safety concerns. TxDOT said it was not planning congestion-reduction projects at that time; Lancium had not responded by publication.
Nov 22, 2024
Nov 22, 2024
New development at Lancium expected to bring major investment, jobs to AbileneAbilene Rep...
The paper reported that the Lancium Clean Campus development was expected to bring a multibillion-dollar investment and jobs to Abilene. The initial phase was described as a 998,000-square-foot Crusoe data center with an estimated $3.4 billion combined capital investment and approximately 100 highly skilled jobs.

Stargate 1

Stargate 1

Overview

Phase 1 — initial two buildings

Phase 2 — six-building expansion

Power and grid

Facility and development

Timeline

Organizations

Sources

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